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Regardless of what some insurance companies claim, scientists have known for decades that electrical stimulation promotes healing of chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers and bedsores, but how it happens has been a mystery-until now. “Electrical stimulation is directing the cells to promote migration toward the center of the wound,” said a reserachers whose team developed a tool that predicts how cellular migration and alignment happens that appears in the June issue of the Journal of Theoretical Biology. In the clinic, electrical stimulation can speed healing of chronic wounds, defined as injuries to the skin that do not heal within 30 days, and has been used to treat wounds that have existed for as long as a year. However, there is no standardized treatment: “A patient can walk into a different clinic and get an entirely different treatment for the same wound. We cannot standardize or optimize treatments unless we know how electrical stimulation promotes healing." Chronic wounds of the skin tend to afflict the elderly and diabetic patients. Nearly 15% of Medicare recipients experience chronic wounds, resulting in an estimated $28.1 to $31.7 billion in health-care costs per year, according to a 2017 study based on a 2014 Medicare dataset. As more baby boomers reach retirement age, the number of patients and the health-care costs will continue to rise. Electrical stimulation is used in the clinic to activate neurons, muscle and endocrine cells, but these are electrically excitable cells. Skin cells are not considered electrically excitable. So how can a skin cell sense electric fields that are weaker than those used to stimulate neurons or muscle cells?" Scientists know that very weak electrical fields polarize cells and cause them to migrate or grow toward one of the electrical poles. "Tissue and organ function is based on cellular polarity." Mammals, including humans, have "an endogenous electrical field across the skin." When the skin is broken, there is an electrical field perpendicular to the edge of the wound, directing cells to the middle of the wound. However, this electrical potential decreases as we age. "A weak electrical field causes proteins on the cell surface to migrate to the electrical poles based on their size and charge," he said. "The electrical field across the cell membrane is greater than a million volts per meter; however, epidermal cells can sense electric fields slightly less than 10 volts per meter, nearly 100,000 times weaker." The researchers used a combination of mathematical modeling, fluorescence imaging and bioinformatics tools to develop a model that predicts how these proteins will redistribute in the plasma membrane. “About 30% of the proteins in the human genome are in the plasma membrane, but up to this point, fewer than 10 proteins have been associated with electrically induced cellular polarity," the researcher said. After tracking the redistribution of a known protein, the researchers used the model to predict how proteins, identified by other research groups, would behave. “The model came very close to predicting the results from earlier experiments." The predictive tool will help researchers identify proteins that are critical to the electrical polarization of other cell types and optimize wound repair using electrical stimulation. “Our work helps to lay the foundation for polarizing cells of any tissue or organ and to remove the mystery behind electrical therapies,” the researcher noted. Source: https://www.news-medical.net/news/20190709/How-electrical-stimulation-promotes-wound-healing.aspx